Air Waybill (AWB)

Air waybill definition

The air waybill (AWB) is an indispensable core document in international air transport. It records the shipment details and serves as the contract of carriage between the shipper and the carrier. It is not only proof of the airline’s acceptance of the goods but also provides the necessary basis for customs clearance, cargo tracking, and insurance claims. The air waybill plays an important role in international trade, ensuring that goods can be transported safely and efficiently to their destination.

The main functions of an air waybill

1. Transport contract: The air waybill is a legal agreement between the shipper and the carrier that clarifies the rights and obligations of both parties.
2. Goods receipt: It proves that the airline has accepted the goods and is committed to transporting them to the designated destination.
3. Customs clearance document: It provides detailed information about the goods to customs for customs clearance.
4. Tracking basis: Through the unique waybill number, the shipper and consignee can track the status of the goods in real-time.
5. Insurance certificate: In the event of loss or damage, the Air waybill is an essential document for insurance claims.

The main content of an air waybill

1. Shipper information: includes the shipper’s name, address and contact information.
2. Consignee information: consists of the consignee’s name, address and contact information.
3. Goods description:
   • Name, quantity, weight and dimensions of the goods.
   • Value of the goods (for customs declaration and insurance).
   • Country of origin and HS code (for tariff calculation).
4. Transport information:
   • Three-letter code for the airport of departure and the airport of destination.
   • Flight number and estimated departure/arrival time.
5. Expense breakdown:
   • Freight, insurance and other related costs.
   • Payment method (prepaid or collect).
6. Special handling instructions:
   • Special requirements for fragile goods, dangerous goods, temperature-controlled goods, etc.
7. Waybill number:
   • A unique 11-digit code for tracking the shipment.
8. Customs information:
   • Declared value, purpose and tariff information for the goods.

Types of Air Waybills

Master Air Waybill (MAWB)

• Issued by the airline, it applies to goods transported in consolidated transport (i.e. the goods of multiple shippers are combined into a single transport batch).
• It is mainly used for the transport contract between freight forwarders and airlines.

House Air Waybill (HAWB)

• Issued by the freight forwarder, it applies to the goods of a single shipper.
• It is mainly used for the transport contract between freight forwarders and shippers.

Completion and submission of the air waybill

1. Responsibility for completion

• This is usually undertaken by the shipper or its authorized representative (e.g. freight forwarder).
• It is essential to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information to avoid delays in customs clearance or additional costs.

2. Method of submission

1. This can be done manually or electronically (e.g. via the airline or freight forwarder’s online system).
2. Electronic airwaybills (e-AWBs) have become mainstream as they are more efficient and environmentally friendly.

3. Submission time

• Usually, before the shipment, depending on the airline’s requirements.

The importance of an air waybill

Ensures smooth transportation of goods:

• It provides detailed cargo information to facilitate transportation arrangements by the carrier.

Speeds up the customs clearance process:

• It provides the necessary documents to customs, reducing customs clearance time.

Supports cargo tracking:

• The consignee and consignee can track the status of the goods in real-time using the waybill number.

Protects legal rights and interests:

• As a contract of carriage, it clarifies the responsibilities and obligations of the shipper and carrier.

Supports insurance claims:

• In the event of lost or damaged goods, the waybill is an essential basis for insurance claims.

Frequently asked questions about Air Waybills

What is the difference between an air waybill and a sea bill of lading?

An air waybill is a non-negotiable document mainly used to record the details of cargo transportation; a sea bill of lading is a negotiable document of title representing the ownership of goods.

Who is responsible for completing the Air Waybill?

It is usually completed by the shipper or its authorized representative (e.g. freight forwarder), although the airline may also assist.

What are the consequences of filling in the Air Waybill incorrectly?

Incorrect filling-in may result in delays, additional costs, or customs clearance problems for the goods and, in severe cases, may affect their transportation and delivery.

How can I track the status of an Air freight waybill?

The 11-digit waybill number can be used to track the status of your shipment on the airline or freight forwarder website.

Can an air waybill be used as the basis for an insurance claim?

Yes, the air waybill records the details of the goods and is one of the essential documents for insurance claims.